Cybersecurity 101

Choosing the right Network Access Control (NAC) solution can be challenging. This NAC comparison breaks down the key differences between Portnox Cloud and Cisco ISE across deployment, scalability, cost, and Zero Trust readiness. NAC remains one of the most effective ways to secure enterprise environments. This is especially so as hybrid work, BYOD, and IoT…

As organizations move toward cloud-based, hybrid, and remote environments, managing secure network access has become more complex. At the core of this challenge is RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol that has quietly enabled secure authentication and policy enforcement for decades. In this article, we’ll explain how RADIUS works, what makes it indispensable…

Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) has quickly become more than a cybersecurity buzzword. It’s the modern blueprint for secure, flexible, and scalable remote access. For organizations balancing hybrid work, multi-cloud deployments, and a growing list of connected devices, ZTNA represents a fundamental shift in how we think about trust on the network. At Portnox, that…

What is a switch in networking? A switch in networking is a hardware device that connects multiple devices (like computers, printers, and servers) within the same local area network (LAN) and enables them to communicate efficiently. ‘ Here’s a detailed breakdown: A network switch operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model,…


What is a cyber kill chain attack? A cyber kill chain attack refers to a framework that breaks down the stages of a cyberattack-from the initial planning to the execution and completion of malicious goals. It’s a model originally developed by Lockheed Martin to help organizations understand, detect, and defend against advanced persistent threats (APTs).…

Zero trust network security represents a major evolution in how organizations defend their data and systems. Rather than assuming trust based on location or network boundaries, this model enforces verification at every point of access. In this article, we’ll explain what zero trust means in practice, why it’s become essential to modern cybersecurity strategies, and…

What is non-repudiation in cybersecurity? Non-repudiation in cybersecurity is a security principle that ensures no one can deny their actions or involvement in a digital transaction, communication, or data exchange. It provides proof of origin, authenticity, and integrity, making it impossible for a party to later claim, “I didn’t send this” or “I never received…

What is a virtual directory? A virtual directory is a software layer that sits on top of multiple identity and data sources to present them as a single, unified directory. Instead of copying or synchronizing data into one place (like an LDAP server or database), it provides a real-time abstraction-acting as a “view” or “proxy”…

Every IT leader faces the same fundamental question: how do you know which devices and users are connected to your network right now, and if they should be there? In an era of distributed workforces, cloud adoption, and increasing regulatory scrutiny, that uncertainty creates unacceptable risk. This article provides a clear explanation of Network Access…

What is deepfake phishing?    Deepfake phishing is a type of phishing attack that uses AI-generated fake audio or video to trick victims into revealing sensitive information or sending money. Unlike traditional phishing, which often relies on text-based emails, deepfake phishing creates highly realistic audio or video impersonations of trusted individuals, such as a CEO,…

What are Indicators of Attack?   In cybersecurity, Indicators of Attack (IoAs) are the signs or pieces of evidence that indicate an attacker is actively attempting to compromise a system or network. They focus on the attacker’s intent and actions, rather than the specific tools or malware they might be using. This approach helps security professionals…

What does Zero Trust for Multi-Cloud mean?  Zero trust for multi-cloud environments means extending the core principles of zero trust security to networks that span multiple cloud providers, ensuring that no user, device, or application is inherently trusted and that access is granted based on continuous verification and least privilege, regardless of location or network.   Here’s…