Cyber Threats

Introduction to Sandboxing in Cybersecurity Cybersecurity threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated, requiring innovative strategies to safeguard sensitive data and systems. One effective method is sandboxing, a technique that runs code in an isolated environment to evaluate its behavior before it interacts with a live system. This approach has become a vital tool for cybersecurity professionals,…

What is fileless malware? Fileless malware is a type of cyberattack that operates without using traditional executable files. Unlike conventional malware, which relies on stored files to infect a system, fileless malware lives in a computer’s memory (RAM) and uses legitimate system tools—such as PowerShell, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), or registry scripts—to execute its malicious…

1. What is scareware, and how does it work? Scareware is a type of malicious software designed to deceive users into thinking their device is infected with malware or experiencing a critical security issue. The goal is to create panic and trick victims into taking immediate action—usually by downloading fake antivirus software, paying for unnecessary…

What is a Pass-the-Hash Attack? A pass-the-hash (PtH) attack is a type of cyberattack in which an attacker captures a user’s password hash and uses it to authenticate to a network or system, bypassing the need to know the actual plaintext password. Instead of cracking the hash, the attacker “passes” it directly to authenticate as…

What is a teardrop attack in cybersecurity? A teardrop attack is a type of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack that exploits vulnerabilities in how operating systems handle fragmented IP packets. When large packets are transmitted over a network, they are often split into smaller fragments to accommodate network size limitations. These fragments are then reassembled at the…

What is polymorphic malware and how does it work? Polymorphic malware is a type of malicious software that continuously changes its code or appearance to evade detection by traditional antivirus and security tools. The term “polymorphic” stems from its ability to take on different “forms” while maintaining its core malicious functionality. Unlike static malware, which…

What is a packet fragmentation attack? A packet fragmentation attack is a type of network exploit where attackers deliberately manipulate the fragmentation of IP packets to bypass security controls or disrupt systems. Packet fragmentation itself is a legitimate process in networking, designed to ensure that large packets can traverse networks with smaller Maximum Transmission Units…

What is a watering hole attack and how does it work? A watering hole attack is a cyberattack strategy in which hackers compromise a website or service frequently visited by their target audience. Instead of directly attacking the intended victims, attackers identify “watering holes” – websites or online platforms that specific individuals or groups commonly…

What is pharming? Pharming is a cyberattack technique where attackers redirect users from legitimate websites to fraudulent ones, often without their knowledge, to steal sensitive information like usernames, passwords, or financial details. It manipulates the way internet traffic is directed, typically targeting the Domain Name System (DNS) or local host files. How Pharming Works: DNS…

What is a web shell?  A web shell is a malicious script or program that attackers upload to a web server to gain remote control over the server and its underlying systems. Web shells are commonly used in cyberattacks to exploit vulnerabilities in web applications or misconfigured servers. Once installed, they allow attackers to execute…

What is bluesnarfing, and how does it work? Bluesnarfing is a type of cyberattack that exploits Bluetooth technology to access sensitive information stored on a device without the owner’s knowledge or consent. It’s similar to Bluetooth hacking but focuses on data theft rather than control or manipulation. Bluesnarfing typically occurs when an attacker uses software…

What is bluejacking, and how does it work? Bluejacking is the act of sending unsolicited messages to nearby devices using Bluetooth technology. It’s often considered a prank rather than a malicious attack, as it doesn’t involve hacking or unauthorized access to data. To understand how it works, you need to know that Bluetooth enables short-range…